Series - Data Note

Data Note No. 112, 2026

Data Note 104 explores employment trends and work incentive participation among Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients with disabilities from 2004-2024. It examines differences in employment and use of work incentives across disability and diagnostic groups, as well as how employment patterns and participation in Section 1619(b) vary by age. 

Data Note No. 110, 2026

This Data Note examines trends in the number of workers earning subminimum wages under Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act. Between April 2021 and April 2026, the estimated number of 14(c) workers declined by 60%, outpacing the 50% decline in certificate holders. The Data Note also highlights substantial state-level variation, with 15 states and the District of Columbia reporting no 14(c) workers in 2026.

Data Note No. 108, 2026

This Data Note examines trends in employers holding Section 14(c) certificates, which allow payment of subminimum wages to certain workers with disabilities. Between April 2021 and April 2026, the number of 14(c) certificate holders declined by more than 50% reflecting state policy changes, employer nonrenewals, and efforts to phase out subminimum wage employment. The Data Note also highlights significant variation across states, with 15 states and the District of Columbia reporting no 14(c) certificates in 2026.

Data Note No. 107, 2026

This Data Note summarizes employment and poverty rates across the US in 2024. These outcomes are compared for people with no disability, people with any disability, and people with a cognitive disability, which indicate that people with disabilities continue to have less success in the labor market, and a greater likelihood of being unemployed or underemployed, compared to individuals without a disability. 

Data Note No. 106, 2026

This Data Note reports on the core findings from the National Survey of State Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Agencies’ Employment and Day Services through FY 2023. These data focus on participation in integrated employment, community-based non-work, and facility-based services (both work and non-work. 

Data Note No. 105, 2026

Data Note 105 summarizes the findings from the National Report on Employment Services and Outcomes Through 2023. Overall, the findings suggest that across data sources, people with IDD experience greater levels of unemployment, underemployment, low wages, and poverty compared to those without disabilities and those with non-IDD disabilities. 

Data Note No. 104, 2025

Data Note 104 summarizes Social Security Administration data from 2003-2023 on work incentives and their utilization by Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients. It compares recipients' likelihood of working and participating in work incentives by disability type. It also describes how the percentage of SSI recipients working is recovering since 2020. Finally, the Data Note illustrates how the rate of employment among SSI recipients varies by diagnostic group with some modest increases since 2020.

Data Note No. 103, 2025

Data Note 103 summarizes national data on employment among adults receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) due to blindness or disability. Over the past three decades, the number of working-age SSI recipients has grown, yet only about 8% were employed in 2023. Employment rates among SSI recipients have mirrored broader economic trends, declining during major recessions and never returning to late-1990s levels. While the data reflect persistent challenges, they underscore the need to strengthen policies and supports that promote employment opportunities for people with disabilities.